硅肥生产技术综述

综述了国内外硅肥发展概况以及粉煤灰硅肥、高炉渣硅肥的生产工艺。分析了国内利用粉煤灰、高炉渣生产硅肥发展缓慢的原因,并指出了今后对粉煤灰硅肥、高炉渣硅肥研究的重点。最后评估了利用粉煤灰、炼铁炉渣开发硅肥的经济效益和社会效益,这将为粉煤灰、高炉渣综合利用开辟提供有价值的参考。     

改性炉渣处理低浓度含磷废水试验研究

[目的]探讨改性炉渣处理低浓度含磷废水的最佳工艺条件.[方法]利用盐酸改性的炉渣处理低浓度含磷废水,分析溶液pH、改性炉渣投加量、反应时间、温度等因素对除磷效果的影响,并对改性锅炉炉渣的除磷机理进行了初步探讨.[结果]当溶液pH为8,改性炉渣的投加量为2.0g,反应时间为60 min,温度为35℃时,磷的去除率最高,达96.59％.[结论]该研究为低浓度含磷废水的处理提供了理论参考.     

Measurement of Si adsorption and “Active Si” in a soil amended with slag fertilizers by using stable isotope 30SP

The silicic acid adsorption by a soil (Eutric Gleysols) where slag fertilizers were applied was measured by the addition of a silicic acid solution labelled with ³⁰Si after soil incubation, in order to study the effect of slag application on the specific Si adsorption by the soil and to estimate the amount of Si in the soil solid phase which can easily enter the soil solution. It was evident that the application of slags increased the ability of soil to adsorb Si. It was also shown that the ³⁰Si added was diluted with not only the Si present in the soil solution but also the Si dissolved from the soil solid phase. We proposed the use of the term “active” for Si in soil which can take part in the isotopic dilution within 1 h. The amount of active Si in the soil solid and liquid phases (D ₆₀ - value) was calculated from the ³⁰Si content in the soil solution and compared with the amount of Si taken up by rice plant (Oryza sativa L.), which was determined in our previous study. The buffering capacity of the soil for Si, which can reflect the ability of soil to maintain the Si concentration in the soil solution constant when Si is added to or removed from the soil, was also determined. The D ₆₀ - value and the Si buffering capacity of the soil increased by slag application. These increases were large when the alkalinity of the applied slags was high. The correlation study revealed that the D ₆₀ - value was a better index of Si availability of the soil than the amount of Si dissolved from the soil solid phase during the incubation when the slags were previously applied.     

用锰矿渣试制硫铝酸盐型快硬早强水泥

本文根据木圭锰矿渣化学成分特点和硫铝酸盐水泥熟料各矿物的化学组成和性质,合理地设计该水泥熟料的矿物组成、碱度系数和铝硫此,并掺用其他原料进行了配料。通过对不同煅烧温度下获得的熟料的x 衍射分析数据及参考有关资料,确定料方的煅烧温度,并对试制出的水泥进行了物理检验。结果表明,该水泥具有快硬早强和强度稳定的特点,达到了425~#硫铝酸盐型快硬早强水泥的各项指标。该研究表明该矿渣完全可以用来生产快硬早强硫铝酸盐水泥。     

钢渣肥在毛竹林经营中的肥效研究

对2种林分密度（低密度、高密度）、3种施肥处理（尿素、生物有机肥和钢渣肥）的毛竹胸径、新竹生长状况、相对增长产量进行研究,以确定钢渣肥能否替代复合肥和生物有机肥。结果表明：3种不同施肥处理间新竹株数、胸径以及产量均无明显差异;在不同密度条件下,新竹株数与产量同样没有产生明显差异,而对于平均胸径则为低密度林分明显高于高密度林分（P=0.041<0.05）。3种不同施肥处理并未对毛竹相对增产量产生显著差异（P=0.138>0.05）;在试验所设的2种密度中,低密度毛竹林相对增长产量显著高于高密度毛竹林（P=0.023<0.05）。基于钢渣肥较低的成本,在生产上可以用其取代尿素和生物有机肥,以提高竹林经营效益。     

胶东铁路弃土弃渣体产流产沙特征

通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究降雨强度和坡度对胶东铁路弃土弃渣体产流产沙的影响。根据青荣铁路沿线降雨和弃土弃渣体堆积特点,设计3种雨强(20,40,60mm/h)和3个坡度(20°,30°,40°)。结果表明:(1)当降雨强度由20mm/h增加到60mm/h,产流开始时间可缩短11~20s;当坡度由20°变化到40°,产流开始时间可提前17~22s。(2)径流量、产沙率在降雨初期剧增到峰值,之后径流量逐渐趋于稳定,而产沙率波动减小后逐渐趋于稳定。(3)相同坡度条件下,雨强40 mm/h下的径流量较20 mm/h时增加37.3%~122.6%,产沙率约为20mm/h时的1.5~19.5倍;而雨强60mm/h下的径流量较40mm/h时仅增加19.1%~26.7%,产沙率仅为40mm/h时的62.5%~151.8%。(4)相同雨强条件下,坡度对径流量、产沙率的影响存在临界坡度(30°~40°),径流量、产沙率随坡度的增大先增加后减小。(5)弃土弃渣体坡度为30°时坡度对坡面侵蚀量的贡献率大于雨强贡献率;而40°时雨强贡献率明显超过坡度。研究结果可为胶东半岛区域铁路项目建设期间弃土弃渣体的水土流失监测及防治提供技术支撑。     

Relative Neutralizing Value as an Indicator of Actual Liming Ability of Limestone and Byproduct Materials

Methods used to compare the effectiveness of liming materials (e.g., relative neutralizing value, RNV; effective calcium carbonate equivalent, ECCE) were developed for ground limestone. This method is relatively untested on industrial byproducts that could be used when limestone is expensive or unavailable. The objective was to determine if RNV applies to both ground limestones and industrial byproducts. A 42-d incubation study was performed on three acid soils with 11 ground limestones and 9 different byproducts at four rates based on titration and the modified Adams-Evans buffer method. Overall effectiveness, assessed as RNV compared to Ca(OH)₂, averaged 101.5 ± 0.9% for all the evaluated liming materials, except the paper sludge and dolomitic marble. Thus, RNV was a good estimate of neutralizing ability when particle size was accurate. Addition of RNV to packaging would facilitate the commercial use of byproducts as liming materials allowing consumers to compare products by price and properties.     

蒜渣碱提多糖体外抗氧化性的研究

研究蒜渣碱提多糖对DPPH·,羟自由基、超氧自由基的清除以及抑制猪油和芝麻油快速氧化的效果。当多糖与DPPH·质量比为1.6时,电子顺磁共振(ESR)测定5 min就检测不出DPPH·;当多糖质量浓度为0.16 mg/mL时,可以清除50%羟基自由基;当质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL时,可以清除50%的超氧自由基;多糖对猪油和芝麻油的氧化都有一定的抑制作用,当浓度增加时,抑制效果增强。     

沼渣对铅锌冶炼废渣生物化学性质及植物生长的影响

为研究沼渣作为改良剂对铅锌冶炼废渣环境条件的改善及修复植物生长的影响,采用盆栽试验研究不同比例(0,1%,3%,5%,7%,9%)沼渣添加和黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)生长对废渣养分含量、微生物学特性、重金属赋存形态及黑麦草的生物学特征的综合影响。结果表明:与对照废渣相比,添加沼渣后废渣养分(N、P、K)、有机质、酶活性(碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶)、微生物数量(细菌、真菌和放线菌)以及微生物活性(呼吸强度)均显著(p0.05)增加;不同比例沼渣添加均显著增加黑麦草鲜重、根长、株高并显著降低植物组织(地上和地下部)中重金属含量(p0.05)。沼渣添加和黑麦草生长通过促进废渣中酸溶态重金属(Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb)向残渣态转化进而降低废渣中重金属的生物有效性。典范对应分析表明,沼渣施用量在5%,7%,9%时对废渣微环境条件改善作用较大,其中,较低的沼渣添加量(5%)就能显著改善废渣的微环境条件及促进修复植物健康生长。因此,综合考虑沼渣作为有机改良剂的最佳费用和效应间的关系,在设置试验条件下,可将5%的沼渣添加量作为铅锌冶炼废渣有机改良及植物修复的最佳施用比例。